The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) was established by the Council of Europe to enhance transparency in European language education (CoE, 2001).
Doctoral research shows that local currencies can strengthen our communities, bringing forward-resilience for ecological sustainability, rural renewal, active aging, and social inclusion.
Our key research areas form one of the strategic core fields in the University of Jyväskylä's research profile: Information technology and the human in the knowledge society.
Children actively use various digital platforms, and commercial actors collect and utilise users’ online data for behavioural profiling and targeted advertisements.