Centre of Excellence in Neutron-Star Physics

Neutron stars (NSs) and their surroundings constitute one of the most extreme environments in the present-day universe. With core densities exceeding the nuclear saturation density manyfold and magnetars hosting magnetic fields reaching tens of Schwinger fields, these exotic objects serve as unique laboratories for dense nuclear matter, relativistic plasmas, and strong gravity. A quantitative understanding of NSs and their binary mergers is indeed expected to hold the key to solving several fundamental-physics mysteries from the structure of the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram to the origin of heavy elements and fast radio bursts.

Today, we are witnessing the dawn of a new precision era in NS physics. The quality and quantity of observational data are expected to dramatically increase with third-generation gravitational-wave observatories and planned X-ray missions, such as the Einstein Telescope, eXTP, and NewAthena, while new data on exotic nuclei will be available with state-of-the-art nuclear-physics instruments and laboratories. Add to this recent breakthroughs in ab-initio calculations and improvements in computational facilities, both increasing the accuracy of numerical simulations, now is the time to address the next-generation problems of NS physics.

To rise to the challenge, we propose a Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Neutron-Star Physics that combines experimental, theoretical, numerical, and observational expertise in astrophysics, plasma physics, as well as nuclear and particle physics. Realizing this consortium – the first-ever Finnish astrophysics CoE – will elevate Finland to the forefront of contemporary NS physics by bringing together world-leading multidisciplinary expertise. With the CoE, we will be able to address questions such as the phase of matter inside NS cores, the plasma dynamics of NS magnetospheres, and the role of exotic nuclei in NS-related nucleosynthesis.

The overarching goal of the new CoE is to obtain a holistic understanding of NSs through all length and energy scales involved. The same level of ambition is reflected in the education program planned for our early-career researchers, who will be equipped with a broad understanding of the different facets of NS physics. Our MSc and PhD students will also learn valuable transferable skills in more specialized topics, such as high-performance computing, machine-learning techniques, and radiation safety – all in high demand in today’s industry and society.

Centre of Excellence in Neutron-Star Physics coordinated by the University of Helsinki. Research group of the University of Jyväskylä led by Anu Kankainen and Markus Kortelainen is part of the Centre of Excellence in Neutron-Star Physics. 

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