GIN - Graphene-based Interfaces for Neuroapplications

Leader: Prof. Mika Pettersson, University of Jyväskylä.

WP1 keeps the project in order and progressing steadily. The work package includes planning, coordination, communication, meetings, reporting and relations to external partners. 

Leader: Adj. Prof. Andreas Johansson, University of Jyväskylä. 

Leader: Prof. Pasi Kallio, Tampere University. 

WP3 focuses on the development of graphene-based neural stimulation technology for restoring sensory feedback in upper-limb prostheses. The primary engineering objective is to create a graphene-enabled stimulation device capable of delivering precisely controlled electrical pulses to targeted nerve fibers with the spatial selectivity required for human nerve stimulation. The technology is designed to activate targeted nerve fibers while minimizing tissue damage and ensuring long-term biocompatibility and safety.

A key application of the system is to provide tactile sensation from prosthetic devices equipped with force and tactile sensors, enabling users to receive natural and intuitive sensory feedback. The stimulation technology developed in this work package will be integrated with the sensing platform created in WP2. Before progressing to studies in WP5, the devices and stimulation strategies will be evaluated in vitro using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived peripheral nerve models developed in WP4.

Leader: Adj. Prof. Susanna Narkilahti, Tampere University.

WP4 focuses on the biological optimization and validation of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) devices using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived peripheral neurons. The primary objective is to establish physiologically relevant human nerve models for evaluating the compatibility, performance, and functionality of flexible graphene-based interfaces developed in WP2 and stimulation technologies created in WP3. Human peripheral neurons are cultured within biomimetic hydrogel matrices that mimic the native extracellular environment and support long-term neuronal growth, maturation, and network formation.

The work package investigates neuron-device interactions, including neuronal attachment, axonal guidance, signal transmission, and responses to electrical stimulation. In addition, neuron-derived electrical and chemical signals are used to optimize GFET design, surface functionalization, and sensing performance. Advanced in vitro models provide a human-relevant platform for reducing animal experimentation while enabling systematic testing and refinement of the technology. The optimized graphene-neuron interface developed in WP4 will form the basis for subsequent validation studies conducted in WP5.

Leader: Prof. Jarkko Jokihaara, Tampere University.

WP5 focuses on the development and evaluation of a graphene-based peripheral nerve implant capable of bidirectional communication with nerve fibers. WP5 addresses five key questions: how to design an implant that can be handled using microsurgical techniques, how to attach it to a peripheral nerve, how to evaluate its interaction with motor and sensory nerve signals, whether it can effectively transmit signals between the nerve and external electronics, and whether its performance is sufficient for long term applications. 

Leader: Tuula Palmén, PhD, eMBA, University of Jyväskylä. 

WP 6 focuses on maximizing the societal and commercial impact of the project by translating scientific advances into innovation and potential market applications. WP6 will support the project by creating networks with industrial partners and/or private investors potentially interested in utilization of the results of the project, evaluating the business potential emerging from the project and facilitating outreach towards the market. 

The project has significant potential in the field of neuroprosthetics, particularly through the development of tissue-compatible platforms enabling bidirectional communication between neurons and robotic devices. WP6 integrates the results and expertise generated in WP1-5 and converts them into technology transfer and commercialization activities. The close combination of basic research, applied research, and clinical expertise enables the project to adapt development pathways according to both emerging scientific findings and stakeholder needs. Continuous engagement with industry and healthcare partners will support innovation, IPR identification and protection, and exploration of funding opportunities, ranging from collaborative research initiatives to startup creation and commercialization support.